Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner, Gard. Bull. Singapore 19: 239 (1962).
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| Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner; Photo by Cường Đinh Vũ |
its native range is Tropical & Subtropical Asia to New Caledonia.
Latin name:
Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner
Family:
Synonyms:
Cudrania acuminata Miq.
Cudrania amboinensis (Blume) Miq.
Cudrania cambodiana Gagnep.
Cudrania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Yakuro Kudo & Masam.
Cudrania fruticosa (Roxb.) Wight ex Kurz
Cudrania grandifolia Merr.
Cudrania integra F.T.Wang & Tang
Cudrania javanensis Trécul
Cudrania javanensis var. bancroftii F.M.Bailey
Cudrania jinghongensis S.S.Chang
Cudrania obovata Trécul
Cudrania pubescens Trécul
Cudrania rectispina Hance
Cudrania rumphii Thwaites
Cudrania sumatrana Miq.
Cudrania thorelii Gagnep.
Maclura amboinensis Blume
Maclura calcar-galli Lodd. ex Voigt
Maclura cochinchinensis var. bancroftii (F.M.Bailey) Corner
Maclura gerontogea Siebold & Zucc.
Maclura javanica Blume
Maclura pubescens (Trécul) Z.K.Zhou & M.G.Gilbert
Maclura thorelii (Gagnep.) Corner
Maclura timorensis Blume
Morus calcar-galli A.Cunn. ex Loudon
Morus cudranus Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.
Morus tinctoria Blanco
Plecospermum cuneifolium Thwaites
Trophis fruticosa Hook. & Arn.
Trophis spinosa Blume
Vanieria alternifolia Stokes
Vanieria cochinchinensis Lour.
Vanieria fruticosa (Roxb.) Chun
Vanieria pubescens (Trécul) Chun
Boehmeria cochinchinensis Pers.
Procris cochinchinensis Spreng.
Vietnamese name:
MỎ QUẠ, hoàng lồ, cây bớm, sọng vàng, gai mang, nam phịt (Tày), gai vàng lồ.
Chinese name:
构棘 gou ji
Indonesia:
kayu kuning (general), tegeran, soga tegeran (Javanese)
Malaysia:
kederang, kedrae
Philippines:
kokom-pusa (Ilokano), talolong (Ilokano, Igorot), patdang-labuyo (Tagalog)
Cambodia:
khlaè, nhoër khlaay
Thailand:
kae kong (Phrae), kae lae (central), klae (peninsular)
Describtion:
Shrubs, erect or scandent. Branches glabrous; spines curved or straight, to ca. 2 cm, sometimes very inconspicuous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate to oblong, 3-8 × 2-2.5 cm, papery to leathery, glabrous, base cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, tertiary veins reticulate. Male inflorescences a capitulum, 6-10 mm in diam., pedunculate. Female inflorescences pubescent; peduncle to 1 cm. Male flowers: calyx lobes 4, unequal; anthers short; pistillode pyramidal or shield-shaped. Female flowers: calyx lobes free or basally connate, apex thick. Fruiting syncarp reddish orange when mature, 2-5 cm in diam., pubescent. Drupes brown when mature, ovoid, smooth.
Distribution:
Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., East Himalaya, Hainan, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Queensland, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam.
Ecological:
Thickets and brushwood in lowland forest and up to elevations of 1,800 m.
Cultivation:
A slow growing plant, the stems reaching 10 - 15cm diameter in about 10 - 15 years. Formerly extensively used in 'batik' processes. The easy availability of synthetic dyes has largely reduced the use of this plant, but it is still locally used in dyeing processes. However, the traditional 'soga-batik' produced with it is very expensive and used only in ceremonies, particularly by Javanese nobility. As the demand for 'soga-batik' is decreasing and as it is becoming more and more difficult to obtain the wood, the use of this vegetable dye so highly esteemed in Javanese culture can be expected to disappear completely in the near future.
Flower times:
Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Jul..
Type:
Zippelius, A. [s.n.], Maluku Maclura amboinensis K001050096 Unknown type material
Jan 1, 1956 Griffith [4654], India Cudrania javanensis K000357635 Unknown type material
Wright, C. [315], Kyushu Cudrania cochinchinensis K000357650 Unknown type material
Chemical and Pharmacology:
All the phytochemical constituents under study were tested positive. The total phenolic content and flavonoids were found to be 35.98±0.97 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 21.52±0.44 mg Quercetin/g dry extract. The extract showed excellent DPPH antioxidant activity with IC50 value 46.32±0.21μg/ml. Similarly, the IC50 of hydroxy radical, nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition were 154.25±0.47 μg/ml, 112.19±0.22 μg/ml, 164±0.44 μg/ml and 99.50±0.35 μg/ml, 42.38±0.17 μg/ml, 119.55±0.37 for plant extract and ascorbic acid, respectively. Antibacterial study of the plant extract showed positive test to Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibition concentration ranging from 125 to 500 μg/ml.
Uses:
The heartwood, particularly of the larger roots, but also of the stem, is used to dye textiles yellow; it is also used in mixtures of dyes. In Indonesia it is used as an ingredient of the traditional "soga-batik", together with the bark of Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Robinson and Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K. Heyne. Sometimes the dye is used for colouring other materials like mattings.
Some medicinal uses of the wood are also reported, notably against fever. A decoction of the roots is used to alleviate coughing. The young leaves are sometimes eaten raw. The fruit is edible.
Status and threats:
IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants Status : This taxon has not yet been assessed.
References:
https://www.ipni.org/n/584314-1
http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:584314-1
https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Maclura+cochinchinensis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclura_cochinchinensis
https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Maclura_cochinchinensis_(PROSEA)
http://vienduoclieu.org.vn/tttv/danh-muc-cay-thuoc/cay-thuoc/Maclura_cochinchinensis_1752
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242331079
Swargiary, Ananta & Ronghang, B.. (2013). Screening of phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of methanolic bark extracts of Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) corner. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 4. P449-P459.
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