Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 192 (1891).
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| Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze, Photo by Truc Nguyen |
its native range is Tanzania (Zanzibar) to Pacific.
Latin name:
Intsia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze
Family:
Fabaceae Lindl.
Synonyms:
Afzelia bijuga (Colebr.) A.Gray
Macrolobium bijugum Colebr.
Outea bijuga (Colebr.) DC.
Accepted Infraspecifics:
Intsia bijuga var. bijuga
Intsia bijuga var. retusa (Kurz) Sanjappa
Vietnamese name:
Gõ nước, Bần ôi.
Local names:
English (Moluccan ironwood,Borneo teak); Fijian (vesi); Filipino (ipil laut,ipil); Indonesian (merbau asam); Malay (merbau ipil); Thai (pradu thale,maka-mong,lumpho-thale,lumpaw); Trade name (merbau);
Describtion:
Intsia bijuga is a common medium-sized, unarmed tree with a spreading crown; it can grow up to 40 metres tall. The bole can be 150 - 200cm in diameter, often with small buttresses 2 - 4 metres high and around 2 metres wide. It is more or less evergreen, though species within this genus tend to shed their leaves annually and remain bare for a few days of the year.
Distribution:
Andaman Is., Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Chagos Archipelago, Fiji, India, Jawa, Madagascar, Malaya, Maluku, Mauritius, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, New Guinea, Nicobar Is., Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Seychelles, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam.
Ecological:
Often found on sand and coral beaches, but also in periodically inundated localities further inland. It also occurs in dryland mangroves which are the final stage of mangrove forest succession and the transition to inland forests.
Cultivation:
A plant of the lowland, wet tropics, where it is found at elevations up to 600 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 28°c, but can tolerate 12 - 34°c. It is susceptible to frost. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 2,000 - 3,000mm, but tolerates 1,500 - 4,000mm. Prefers a position in full sun, tolerating some shade. Prefers a very well-drained, fertile soil. Plants are very tolerant of saline soils and salt-laden winds. Prefers a pH in the range 5.5 - 6.5, tolerating 5 - 7. Established plants are moderately drought tolerant. This species is the national tree of the island of Guam. The tree is relatively slow growing and may attain maturity at 80 years. Plantation-grown trees can reach a height of 8 - 16 metres within 7 - 8 years, with a diameter about 7.5 - 10cm. The tree produces flowers and fruits throughout the year.
This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby.
Flower times:
flowers and fruits throughout the year.
Type:
May 1, 1988 Horsfield, T. [187], Jawa K000789040 Unknown type material
Chemical and Pharmacology:
Uses:
The bark is used in treating persons suffering from a urinary condition (characterised by very dark urine). It is also used in the treatment of rheumatism, dysentery and diarrhoea. An infusion of the bark is given to women after delivery.
In Vietnam: The fruit is sour, edible, has a laxative effect. Good wood is used to make handicrafts, construction, and electric poles.
Status and threats:
It is listed as 'Critically Endangered' in the Red List of threatened plants of Singapore.
References:
https://www.ipni.org/n/500954-1
http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:500954-1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intsia_bijuga
http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Intsia+bijuga
http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Intsia_bijuga.PDF
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