Article 

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.464.4.3 

PHYTOTAXA 

New species, Bulbophyllum trongquyetii (Orchidaceae) from Vietnam

BA VUONG TRUONG1,2,6*, LEONID V. AVERYANOV3,7, ROLAND AMSLER4,8, VAN CANH NGUYEN5,9, HOP 

TRAN1,10, TATIANA V. MAISAK3,11 & VAN SON DANG1,2,12 

1 Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi, Vietnam.

2 Institute of Tropical Biology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 85 Tran Quoc Toan, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. 3 Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street 2, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.

4 Swiss–Orchid–Garden, Untermattstrasse 27, 8370, Sirnach, Switzerland.

5 Institute of Applied Technology, Thu Dau Mot University, No. 6, Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh DuongProvince, Vietnam.

6 bavuong2019@yahoo.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-8455

7 av_leonid@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-2925

8 ra-orchid@gmx.ch; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-5374

9 nguyenvancanh@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9578-0342

10 tranhop1938@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5527-5675

11 tmaisak@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5919-6755

12 dvsonitb@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-4141

*Author for correspondence 

Abstract 

Bulbophyllum trongquyetii is described as new for science from Vietnam. Detailed morphological description, illustration, data on distribution, and phenology are provided. Described species resembles B. nipondhii but differs in the bigger size of plant, longer inflorescence, and uniform yellow or reddish-orange flowers. It can be also compared with B. thaiorum and B. farreri but easily distinguished by the bigger size of plant and flowers, as well as smooth or sparsely papillose lateral sepals. 

Keywords: 

Bulbophyllum, endemism, eastern Indochina, plant diversity, plant taxonomy 

Introduction 

The genus Bulbophyllum Thouars (1822, t. 3) is recognized as one of the largest genera of Orchidaceae, comprising over 2200 species, distributed globally in the tropics and subtropics (Chen & Vermeulen 2009, Pridgeon et al. 2014). At present, there are 145 species of the genus in 16 sections known from Vietnam, constituting, one of the largest genera in the orchid family in Vietnam (Averyanov & Averyanova 2003, Averyanov et al. 2016, Truong & Sridith 2016, Averyanov et al. 2017, Nguyen & Averyanov 2017, Averyanov et al. 2018, Truong et al. 2019a, b, c, Averyanov et al. 2019a, b). However, the inventory of Bulbophyllum species in Vietnam is far from complete, because of many species are miniature epiphytes, which inhabit canopies of tall trees and difficult to observe or even to collect. Future field researches in remote mountain areas of the country will certainly provide many more new findings. 

New species was found on small fallen branches of tall tree in Dak Koi Commune, Kon Ray District, Kon Tum Province and was latter cultivated in the private orchid garden of Mr. Phan Trong Quyet in Da Lat Town (Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam). During anthesis, it was recognized and described as a species new for science after careful study of available taxonomic literature (list references consulted) and herbarium specimens housed in different Herbaria, i.e. VNM, VNMN, as well as specimen images presented in on-line resources like JSTOR, LE, K and P. 

The new species, B. trongquyetii, belongs to the section Cirrhopetalum (Lindley 1830: 58) Reichenbach (1861: 259), which are usually characterized by 1-leaved pseudobulbs; subumbellate inflorescences arising from the base of pseudobulbs; dorsal sepal free, entire, erose, ciliate, or paleate; lateral sepals much longer than dorsal sepal, twisted at the base and more or less connate along their margins; labellum simple, entire (Pridgeon et al. 2014). 

Materials and methods 

The measurements and description of new species were based on living plants. Voucher specimens and additional alcohol-preserved material are stored at VNM herbarium (ITB – Ho Chi Minh City). Terminology for the morphological description follows Beentje (2012). 

Taxonomic treatment 

Bulbophyllum trongquyetii Vuong, Aver., R.Amsler, & V.S.Dang, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2) 

TYPE:

—VIETNAM. 8 March 2020, Truong Ba Vuong, Nguyen Van Canh, Ngo Quang Dang, BV 546 (holotype VNM00023650!) prepared from plants cultivated by Mr. Phan Trong Quyet in Da Lat Town (Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam) and originated from Dak Koi Commune, Kon Ray District, Kon Tum Province, southern Vietnam. 

Etymology:

—The species is named after Mr. Phan Trong Quyet, an orchid enthusiast who cultivated and collected materials used for the preparation of the type specimen. 

Description:

—Epiphytic herb, rhizomatous, creeping, glabrous. Rhizome rigid, 2 mm in diameter, covered with brown sheaths. Pseudobulbs dark green, narrowly ovoid 2.5–2.8 cm long, 1–1.5 cm apart on the rhizome. Leaves solitary, narrowly elliptic to elliptic, adaxially green, abaxially dull purple with prominent mid keel, 7–8 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide, apex retuse to blunt; petiole twisted, 8–10 mm long. Inflorescence subumbellate, peduncle slender, arising from the base of pseudobulbs, bearing 6–10 flowers, ca. 6 cm long, with 2 to 3 tubular acuminate sterile sheaths 4–6 mm long; floral bracts acuminate, 3–4 mm long; pedicel with ovary 8–9 mm long. Flowers uniformly yellow or reddish-orange, opening simultaneously. Dorsal sepal narrowly ovate, ca. 5 mm long, 2 mm wide, concave at base, 3-veined, apex blunt to round, sparsely papillose; lateral sepals glabrous or sparsely papillose, 3.2–3.3 cm long, 2 mm wide (broadest at base), adnate to column foot at the base, twisted, with median keel from base; upper margin connate up to the tip, lower margin connate along 2/3 from the apex. Petals ovate, slightly oblique, 3.7–4 mm long, apex roundish, 3-veined. Lip simple, entire, glabrous, canaliculate, narrowly ovoid to pyramidal, 3–3.5 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, apex blunt to obtuse, recurved, margin somewhat revolute at middle; abaxially with 2 low keels running from base to apex. Column (including stelidia) ca. 2 mm tall; upper margin with minute obtuse tooth, frontal margin with insignificant lateral wings, stelidia filiform subulate; column foot upcurved, with 2 insignificant lateral wing at apex; stigma obscurely rectangular; anther cap yellow brown, hemispheric, ca. 0.8 mm in diameter, rough at margin; pollinia 4. 

Phenology:

—Flowering in March–July. 

Habitat:

—Epiphyte in canopies of medium-sized and tall trees (mostly species of Fagaceae family) in open mixed forests at elevation 1000–1100 m. 

Distribution:

—Southern Vietnam, provinces Kon Tum (Kon Ray District) and Quang Nam (Nam Giang District). Endemic. 

Additional specimens studied (paratypes):—VIETNAM, Quang Nam Province, Nam Giang District, Song Thanh Nature Reserve, mixed forest, near river, elev. 1070 m. 2.05.2019, Nuraliev M.S., Kuznetsov A.N., Kuznetsova S.P., 2468 (LE01058722, http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=9375). VIETNAM, Herbarium specimen was prepared in 8 July 2019 by Truong Ba Vuong, Dang Van Son, Ngo Quang Dang, BV 365 (VNM00023646), from plants cultivated by Mr. Phan Trong Quyet in Da Lat Town (Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam) and originated from Dak Koi Commune, Kon Ray District, Kon Tum Province, southern Vietnam. VIETNAM, Herbarium specimen was prepared in 25 May 2020 by Truong Ba Vuong, Ngo Quang Dang, BV 627 (VNM00023884), from plants cultivated by Mr. Ngo Quang Dang in Da Lat City (Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam) and originated from Dak Koi Commune, Kon Ray District, Kon Tum Province, Southern Vietnam. VIETNAM, Herbarium specimen was prepared in 6 April 2020 by Truong Ba Vuong, Ngo Quang Dang, BV 658 (VNM00023645), from plants cultivated by Mr. Phan Trong Quyet in Da Lat City (Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam) and originated from Dak Koi Commune, Kon Ray District, Kon Tum Province, Southern Vietnam, flowers reddish yellow-orange, different color form from type specimen. 

Notes:

—Bulbophyllum trongquyetii is morphologically close to B. nipondhii Seidenfaden (1985: 162) (photo LE01087024, http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=18119, LE01087028, http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=18123), but differs in larger petiolate leaves, up to 7.5 cm long, 2 cm wide (vs. sessile leaves, ca. 2.5 cm long, 0.6 cm wide), longer inflorescence up to 6 cm long (vs. inflorescence 3.5 cm long), floral bract shorter than pedicel with ovary (vs. floral bracts slightly longer pedicel with ovary); lateral sepals 3.3 cm long (vs. lateral sepals 1.8–2 cm long); lip shallowly channeled (vs. deeply channeled); stelidia with small tooth above (vs. stelidia without tooth). In addition, the flowers color in new species is uniformly yellow or reddish-orange (vs. dorsal sepal and petals with purple stripes, lateral sepals and lip purple). New species is also close to B. thaiorum J.J.Smith (1912: 28), studied on the base of following specimens: “no location, s.coll., s.n.” (type, K000891066, http://specimens.kew.org/herbarium/K000891066) and “VIETNAM, Kon Tum Province, Ngoc Linh Peak, 07.03.1995, L.V. Averyanov et al., VH 569” (LE01057956, http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=8458, P00362004, https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/ p00362004), but differs in pseudobulbs 2.5–2.8 cm long (vs. pseudobulbs 2 cm long), leaves 7–7.5 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide (vs. leaves 4 cm long, 0.7–0.8 cm wide), the floral bract 3–4 mm long, twice shorter than pedicel and ovary, pedicel and ovary 8–9 mm long (vs. floral bracts 6–7 mm long, as long as pedicel and ovary or little shorter, pedicel and ovary 6–7 mm long), lateral sepals glabrous or sparsely papillose at base (vs. lateral sepals densely hispid- papillose), lateral sepals ca. 3.3 cm long, connate along their apical third (vs. lateral sepals 2–2.5 cm long, in apical part free). Additionally, the new species bear similarity with B. farreri w.w.Smith (1921: 196) Seidenfaden (1974: 212). Studied specimens: “CHINA, Farrer, R. s.n.” (syntype, E00383625, http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/E00383625), “MYANMAR, 17 May 1914, Kingdon-Ward Francis, 1560” (syntype, E00745700, http://data.rbge.org.uk/herb/ E00745700), “VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Da Lat Town area, 12.03.1997, Averyanov L. s.n.” (LE01055508, http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=7264, LE01073537, http://en.herbariumle.ru/?t=occ&id=18046), “VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Da Lat City, 11 April, 2020, Truong Ba Vuong, Ngo Quang Dang BV 574” (VNM 00023885), “VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Da Lat City, 21 April, 2020, Truong Ba Vuong, Ngo Quang Dang BV 659” (VNM 00023647), “VIETNAM, Lam Dong Province, Da Lat City, 5 May, 2020, Truong Ba Vuong, Ngo Quang Dang BV 631” (VNM 00023886), but can be recognized by the lateral sepals glabrous or sparsely papillose (vs. lateral sepals densely papillose), lateral sepals rounded at apex (vs. lateral sepals acute), flowers uniform yellow or reddish-orange (vs. flowers red, orange or brownish). See Table 1. 

TAblE 1. Morphological comparison of Bulbophyllum trongquyetii, B. nipondhii, B. thaiorum, and B. farreri. 

Acknowledgments 

Field and laboratory studies were supported by Herbarium of Institute of Tropical Biology, Ho Chi Minh City, the work on the publication was supported in part by the RFBR “Inventory, taxonomy and geography of the orchids (Orchidaceae) of Vietnam”, 20-04-00339 А. 

FIGURE 1. Bulbophyllum trongquyetii. A. Flowering plant; B. Leaves; C. Inflorescence at different views; D. Portion of inflorescence; E. Flower, ovary and pedicel at different views; F. Proximal portion of flower at different views; G. Flower with sepals removed, side view; H. Lateral sepals; I. Dorsal sepal; J. Petals; K. Lip at different views; L. Column and ovary at different views; M. Anther cap at different views; N. Pollinia at different views. Photos by Truong Ba Vuong taken from the type specimen; correction and design by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak. 

FIGURE 2. Bulbophyllum trongquyetii with reddish yellow-orange color form specimens BV 658 (VNM00023645). Photo by Nguyen Van Canh. 

References 

Averyanov, L.V. & Averyanova, A.L. (2003) Updated checklist of the orchids of Vietnam. National University Publishing House, Hanoi. 102 pp. 

Averyanov, L.V., Truong, B.V. & Maisak, T.V. (2019b) Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Vietnam III. The revision of B. sect. Lemniscata. Phytotaxa 416 (1): 51–58.

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.1.6 

Averyanov, L.V., Nguyen, S.K., Nong, V.D., Nguyen, V.C., Truong, B.V. & Maisak, T.V. (2017) Bulbophyllum sect. Hirtula in eastern Indochina. Taiwania 62 (1): 1–23. 

Averyanov, L.V., Nong, V.D., Nguyen, H.T., Nuraliev, M.S., Maisak, T.V. & Nguyen, C.A. (2018) New species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Vietnam. Phytotaxa 369 (1): 1–14.

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.369.1.1 

Averyanov, L.V., Nguyen, S.K., Truong, B.V., Nguyen, V.C., Maisak, T.V., Tran, H.T., Pham, T.T.D. & Tu, B.N. (2019a) New species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Vietnam II. Phytotaxa 404 (6): 231–244. 

NEw SPECIES, BULBOPHyLLUM TRONGQUyeTII Phytotaxa 464 (4) © 2020 Magnolia Press • 297 

https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.404.6.2

Averyanov, L.V., Nong, V.D., Nguyen, S.K., Maisak, T.V., Nguyen, V.C., Phan, Q.T., Nguyen, P.T., Nguyen, T.T. & Truong, B.V. (2016) 

New Species of Orchids (Orchidaceae) in the Flora of Vietnam. Taiwania 61 (4): 319–354.

Beentje, H. (2012) The Kew Plant Glossary, an illustrated dictionary of plant terms (revised edition). Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Publishing.

Lindley, J.D. (1830–1840) The genera and species of orchidaceous plants. Ridgways, London, 554 pp. 

https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.499

Nguyen, H.T. & Averyanov, L.V. (2017) Two endangered ornamental orchid species, Bulbophyllum coweniorum and esmeralda bella 

(Orchidaceae), new in the flora of Vietnam. Turczaninowia 20 (1): 68–74. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.20.1.5

Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.w. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2014) Bulbophyllum. In: Genera orchidacearum, vol. 6, epidendroideae (part 3). Oxford University Press, Oxford, 544 pp.

Reichenbach, H.G. (1861) Subclassis VIII. Gynandrae Endl. Annales botanices systematicae 6: 167–933. Reichenbach, H.G. (1869) New Plants. The Gardeners’ Chronicle & Agricultural Gazette: 1182.

Rolfe, R.A.R. (1908) New orchids: Decade 32. Bulletin Miscellaneous Information: 70. https://doi.org/10.2307/4113217

Smith, J.J. (1912) Bulbophyllum Thou. Sect. Cirrhopetalum. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, sér. 2, 8: 28.

Truong, B.V. & Sridith, K. (2016) The phytogeographic note on the orchids flora of Vietnam: a case study from the Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Central Vietnam. Taiwania 61 (2): 127–140.

Truong, B.V., Vermeulen, J.J. & Truong, Q.T. (2019a) A new record of Bulbophyllum section Aeschynanthoides from Vietnam. 

Lankesteriana 19 (1): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v19i1.36164

Truong, B.V., Truong, Q.T., Ponert, J. & Vermeulen, J.J. (2019b) New Species of Bulbophyllum from Hon Ba Nature Reserve In Vietnam. 

Die Orchidee 5 (6): 44–51.Truong, B.V., Truong, Q.T., Bui, V.H. & Cootes, J. (2019c) Bulbophyllum claviforme, a new speciesfrom Vietnam. Die Orchidee 5 (7): 52–59.

Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.w. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2014) Bulbophyllum. In: Genera Orchidacearum vol. 6, Epidendroideae (part three). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 4–51.

Seidenfaden, G. (1973) Notes on Cirrhopetalum Lindl. Danks Botanonosk Arkiv 29: 1–260.

Seidenfaden, G. (1985) Contributions to the orchid flora of Thailand XI. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 157–167. 

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1985.tb02085.x