Aster tataricus Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 373. 1782.
Aster tataricus Linn.f.; Photo KENPEI (commons.wikimedia.org)
Latin Name: Aster tataricus Linn.f.
Family & Genus: Asteraceae, Aster
Synonym Name: Aster fauriei H.Lév. & Vaniot; Aster fauriei Tamamsch.; Aster nakaii H.Lév. & Vaniot; Aster rhomboideus Lindl. ex DC.; Aster tataricus var. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Kitam.; Aster tataricus var. hortensis Nakai; Aster tataricus var. minor Makino; Aster tataricus var. nakaii (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Kitam.; Aster tataricus var. robustus Nakai; Aster tataricus var. tataricus; Aster tataricus var. vernalis Nakai; Aster trinervius var. longifolius Franch. & Sav.
Chinese Name: 紫菀 zi wan
Vietnamese Name: Cây Tử Uyển, Thanh uyển, Dã ngưu bàng
Description: Herbs, perennial, 11-150 cm tall; rhizomes becoming woody; stemless rosettes often present. Stems erect, simple, ribbed, glabrate proximally to sparsely strigillose distally, minutely stipitate glandular below leaves. Leaves cauline, much reduced upward, scabrous, abaxially sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, margin scabrous-ciliate, midvein prominent abaxially, apex acuminate to acute or rounded, mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, long, slightly winged petiolate (petiole to 30 cm), petiole base sheathing; blade oblanceolate to ovate, (2.1-)30-50 × (0.9-)6-12 cm, base attenuate, margin undulate, coarsely serrate, veins pinnately 6-10-paired; lower to upper leaves shortly petiolate (base sheathing) or sessile, oblanceolate to lanceolate, 2-18 × 0.6-5 cm, base attenuate, margin coarsely serrate to serrulate or entire; synflorescence leaves lanceolate, 1.3-7 × 0.2-1 cm. Capitula (2-)14-50 or more, in terminal corymbiform synflorescences; peduncles 25-65 mm, sparsely strigillose, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular; bracts linear-lanceolate, entire, sometimes grading into phyllaries. Involucres campanulate, 7-10(-12) mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, unequal, green along midvein, membranous, base ± hardened, margin erose, ciliate, midvein ± pronounced, slightly translucent; outer phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 4-5 × 0.8-1 mm, sparsely strigillose, distally sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, sometimes ± leaflike, margin narrowly scarious, apex acute, ciliate, tip purplish; middle phyllaries oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 6-7 × ca. 1 mm, abaxially glabrous to sparsely strigillose distally or along midvein, eglandular or very sparsely glandular, margin scarious, apex acuminate, sometimes mucronate, distal margin and apex purplish; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 8-10 × 0.6-1 mm, glabrous, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, margin scarious, apex acuminate, erose, purplish. Ray florets 14-30, blue or pale lavender or to purple, lamina 7-15 × 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 5-7 mm, limb campanulate, 3.5-4 mm, lobes erect, tip spreading, narrowly triangular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes dark, obovoid, slightly compressed, 2.5-3 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular apically, 4-6-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, reddish, of barbellate bristles; outermost bristles few, slender, 0.2-0.3 mm; outer bristles slender 1.5-2 mm; inner bristles 4.5-5 mm, tapering; innermost bristles 6-7 mm, slightly clavate. Flowering: July to September, fruiting: August to October.
Ecological: Shaded damp places, meadows, steppes, damp riverbanks; 400-3300 m
Distribution: Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, West Henan, Shaanxi, South Gansu and South Ningxia. The medicinal materials are mainly produced in Hebei and Anhui. Found in Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia
Part Used: Medical part: roots and rhizome. Chinese name: Ziwan.
Harvest & Processing: From late October to early spring of the next year, after the aboveground parts withered, excavated the roots, removed dead leaves and braid rootlets and totally sun-dried.
Chemistry:
Roots contain friedelin, epifriedeliol, shionone, shionoside A, B, C, aster saponin A, B, C, D, E, F, G, astin A, B, astin C, phytosterol glucosides, volatile oils, such as lachnophyllol, lachnophyllol acetate, anethole, hydrocarbon, fatty acid and aromatic acid.
Roots contain shionoside C is L-endo-camphanol-8-3,5-isopropylidene-beta-D- apiofuranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, aster saponin G is 3-O-[O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-2 beta, 3 beta, 16 alpha-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (asterogenic acid) 28-[O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl]ester. Asterinin D, E and F
Pharmacology: Phlegm-removing, antitussive, anti-bacteria, Anti-inflammatory, antitumor; toxic.
Properties & Actions: Taste bitter, pungent, and warm in nature. Moistening lung, direct qi downward, removing phlegm and checking cough.
Indications & Usage: Used for cough and over-strained cough due to pulmonasthenia, consumptive lung disease and abscess, cough and vomiting of pus and blood, difficulty in urination. Internal: decocting, 4.5-10g; made as pills or powders.
Examples:
Infantile cough with no sound: tatarian aster powder and apricot seed paste of equal amount. Add honey to grind, prepare pills as large as gordon euryale fruit. Take one pill each time, swallow with Chinese magnoliavine fruit decoction.
References
- libproject.hkbu.edu.hk
- efloras.org
- theplantlist.org
- Cheng D, Shao Y. Terpenoid glycosides from the roots of Aster tataricus. Phytochemistry. 1994 Jan;35(1):173-6.
- Cheng D, Shao Y, Hartman R, Roder E, Zhao K. Oligopeptides from Aster tataricus. Phytochemistry. 1994 Jul;36(4):945-8.
- Hiroshi MORITA, Shinji NAGASHIMA, Koichi TAKEYA, Hideji ITOKAWA; Astins a and b, antitumor cyclic pentapeptides from Aster tataricus; J-STAGE, 1993 Volume 41 Issue 5 Pages 992-993
- Dong-Liang Cheng Yu Shao R.Hartmann E.Roeder K.Zhao; New pentapeptides from Aster tataricus; Phytochemistry; Volume 41, Issue 1, January 1996, Pages 225-227
- Xiang-Dong SuHyun-Jae JangCai-Yi WangSeung Woong LeeMun-Chual Rho Young Ho Kim Seo Young Yang; Anti-inflammatory Potential of Saponins from Aster tataricus via NF-κB/MAPK Activation; J. Nat. Prod. 2019, 82, 5, 1139-1148.
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