Alpinia calcarata Roscoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 347 (1807).
Alpinia calcarata (Haw.) Roscoe; Family: Zingiberaceae
Chinese name: 距花山姜 ju hua shan jiang
English Name: Cardamon ginger, Snap ginger.
Bosnian Name: Kineska galanga.
Latin Name: Alpinia calcarata (Haw.) Roscoe
Synonym Name: Alpinia alata A.Dietr.; Alpinia bracteata Roscoe; Alpinia calcarata var. compacta Gagnep.; Alpinia cernua Sims; Alpinia erecta Lodd. ex Steud.; Alpinia roscoeana Steud.; Alpinia simsii Gasp.; Alpinia spicata Roxb.; Catimbium erectum (DC.) Juss. ex T.Lestib.; Globba erecta DC.; Languas calcarata (Haw.) Merr.; Renealmia calcarata Haw.; Renealmia erecta (DC.) Boos; Renealmia minor Roem. & Schult.
Family: Zingiberaceae
Description: Pseudostems to 1.3 m. Leaves sessile; ligule 8-15 mm, glabrous, apex obtuse; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 20-32 × 2-3.5 cm or narrower, glabrous, base attenuate, margin with well-spaced, short bristles, apex acuminate and caudate-mucronate. Panicles less than 10 cm; rachis slightly velvety; proximal branches 3- or 4-flowered; bracteoles oblong, to 1.7 cm, membranous, apex obtuse. Pedicel ca. 3 mm. Calyx to 1.2 cm, split on 1 side, pubescent, apex 3-toothed. Corolla tube white, ca. 9 mm; lobes oblong, ca. 2.2 cm. Lateral staminodes red, subulate, ca. 3 mm, adnate to base of labellum. Labellum white with rose red and purple streaks, obovate, 2.7-3.5 × 1.5-2 cm, apex emarginate. Filament ca. 1.3 cm; anther 5-7 mm. Ovary 3-4 mm in diam., sericeous. Capsule red, globose. Fl. May. 2 n = 48*.
Distribution: It is found in China, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and VietNam.
Ecological: Grows in moist, shady, lowland areas with moderate rainfall.
Chemistry:
Chemistry:
- Polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroid glycosides and alkaloids.
- Essential oils: Fifty constituents comprising of 94.7 % of rhizome oil were obtained from Alpinia calcarata and fifty one components of 93.1 %. Alpinia calcarata were α- and β-fenchyl acetates (12.9 and 9.7 % respectively), cubenol (15.0 %) and 1,8-cineole (12.1 %)
Pharmacology: Antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, gastroprotective, and antidiabetic activities
Uses:
- It is the major part of indigenous medicinal formulation for the treatment of indigestion, impurities of blood, throat inflammation, voice improvement and to marinate youthful vigor. In Sri Lanka, It is also recommended as an aphrodisiac. The decoction of A. calcarata rhizome is widely used to treat cough, respiratory ailments, bronchitis, asthma, arthritis and diabetics.
- This herb is also used as traditional medicine for fever, stomachache and rheumatism.
- In VietNam: Whole plant boil water to treat cough, postpartum prevention. Rhizome pounded ribs with water to create color, flavor and preservation for a long time
Reference:
- theplantlist.org
- efloras.org
- ipni.org
- Suresh V. Nampoothiri, A. Nirmala Menon, T. Esakkidurai & K. Pitchumani (2016) Essential Oil Composition of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga Rhizomes-A Comparative Study, Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 19:1, 82-87.
- Atiar Rahman and Md Shahidul Islam; Alpinia calcarata Roscoe: A potential phytopharmacological source of natural medicine; Pharmacogn Rev. 2015 Jan-Jun; 9(17): 55–62.
- Kaul PN, Rao BR, Singh K, Bhattacharya AK, Ramesh GR. Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from different parts of A. calcarata Rosc. J Essent Oil Res. 2005;17:7–9.
- Sharma AK, Singh RH. Screening of anti-inflammatory activity of certain indigenous drugs on carrageenin induced bind paw oedema in rats. Bull Med Res. 1980;11:262–71.
- Raj N, Nadeem S, Jain S, Raj C, Nandi CK. Ameliorative effects of Alpinia calcarata in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Digest J Nanomat Biost. 2011;6:991–7
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