Synonyms Melin;
Phytomelin; Eldrin; Ilixanthin; Sophorin; Globularicitrin; Paliuroside;
Osyritrin; Osyritin; Myrticolorin; Violaquercitrin; Birutan; Rutabion; Rutozyd;
Tanrutin.
Biological Source Rutin is
found in many plants, especially the buckwheat plant (Fagopyrum esculentum
Moench; family: Polygonaceae); in forsythia [Forsythia
suspensa (Thunb).) Vahl ver. Fortunei (Lindl). Rehd., family Oleaceae];
in hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata Sieb., family: Saxifragaceae);
in pansies (Viola sp. Violaceae); from leaves of Eucalyptus
macroryncha F.v. Muell., family : Myrtacea); in Fagopyrum
tartaricum Gaertn: family: Polygonaceae); in Ruta graveolens L.,
(family: Rutaceae); in buds of Sophora japonica L., (family: Leguminoseae);
in fresh leaves of tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum L.,
(family : Solanaceae); in cotton seed Gossypium hirsutum;(family
Malvaceae); in Viola tricolor, (family : Violaceae).
Geographical Source The
various plants like eucalyptus, tobacco, and cotton grow abundantly in tropical
countries like India, Africa, Ceylon and United Stated, Australia and China.
Preparation Based on
experimental evidences it has been observed that the glycoside content in plants
declines sharply as they mature; however, the highest yields are usually
obtained from the
buckwheat leaves and flowers
as soon as the plants attain the blossom-stage.
The dried and ground plant
material (say 150 g) is extracted with two successive quantities (2 ×200 ml) of
ethanol (80% v/v). The resulting filtered hydro-alcoholic extract is carefully
evaporated under vaccum in a rotary evaporator till it reaches upto 50-60 ml.
The content of the flask is mixed
with an equal volume of ether
and the ethereal layer is separated. The aqueous layer is once again extracted
with the same volume of ether and the ethereal layer separated. Both the
ethereal layers are discarded and the aqueous layer is evaporated under reduced
pressure to 10 ml. Keep the concentrated residual liquid in a refrigerator
(0-5°C) overnight when a solid crystalline substance appears. Separate
it from the mother liquor. The
crude rutin, thus obtained may be further purified by Column Chromatography,
using magnesium silicate as an adsorbent and ethanol as an eluant.
Description It has a
pale yellow crystalline needle like apprearance. It is practically insoluble in
water, ether, petroleum ether and chloroform. It is fairly soluble in ethanol
and aceto
Chemical Structure The
structure of rutin (or 5, 7, 3’, 4’ tetrahydroxy flavonol -3- rhamnoglucoside)
is given below:
Rutin on refluxing with
dilute mineral acid (200 ml of 0.1N H2SO4 + 1 g rutin)
for 90 minutes gives rise to the aglycone known as quercetin plus the
corresponding sugars.
Chemical Tests
1. It gives a distinct yellow
precipitate with basic lead acetate.
2. It yields a greenish brown
colour with ferric chloride.
3. It produces a silver mirror
with ammonical silver nitrate solution (Tollen’s Reagent)
Uses
1. Rutin is used to
decrease the capillary fragility (i.e., to enhance the tensile strength
of capillary walls), reduce capillary permeability by tissue injury, and
minimise the destruction of epinephrine in body tissues.
2. It has been mostly used in
certain disease condition to reduce capillary bleeding promptly.
3. It is found to be useful in
the treatment of retinal harmorrhages.
Source: Pharmacognosy And Pharmacobiotechnology By Ashutosh Kar
Source: Pharmacognosy And Pharmacobiotechnology By Ashutosh Kar
0 Comment:
Post a Comment